Iowa Fish Atlas

Native: Yes

State Rank: S5

ITIS Code: 161737          

National Rank:  N5

Global Rank: G5

Modeled By: Anna Loan-Wilsey

State Range:

The gizzard shad is one of the most widespread and abundant of Iowa’s fishes. With the exception of the far northern central part of the state, it has been found in all the state’s major rivers systems, large reservoirs and man-made lakes (Harlan et al. 1987).  It is found throughout the Mississippi River as well as in parts of the Missouri River.

Habitat Affinities:

The gizzard shad is common in lakes, oxbows, impoundments, sloughs and large rivers with basic or low gradients (Etnier and Starnes 1993; Trautman 1981), but reaches greatest abundance in waters where fertility and productivity are high (Pflieger 1997; Robison and Buchanan 1988). It avoids high gradient streams and rivers in the mountains and rivers without large, permanent pools, but can tolerate moderately turbid and occasionally even brackish or salt waters (Pflieger 1997; Robison and Buchanan 1988; Trautman 1981). The gizzard shad prefers living in open water, at or near the surface (Becker 1983; Harlan et al. 1987).   In Iowa, this species is synonymous with mud, preferring sluggish, soft-bottomed waters (Harlan et al. 1987).  In Missouri, the gizzard shad is usually found in the deep calm waters of natural lowland lakes, ponds, artificial impoundments, or in the pools and backwaters of streams. It has benefited from the construction of upstream reservoirs in the larger rivers in its range(Pflieger 1997; Smith 1979). The gizzard shad spawns in shallow backwaters or near the shore (Robison and Buchanan 1988).

Predictive Model(s):

Statewide Model: by 8-digit HU [Decision Tree Analysis n=307]

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("TEMP_CODE" = 2 AND

(("LINKR" <= 1 AND "DSIZE_CODE" >3) OR

 (("LINKR" > 2 AND "LINKR" <= 3) AND "DLINKR" > 7) OR

 (("LINKR" > 2 AND "LINKR" <= 3) AND "DLINKR" <= 7 AND "SUBREGION_" <=

1 AND "MAXELEVR" > 3 AND "SOIL_TEXT" > 9) OR

 (("LINKR" > 4 AND "LINKR" <= 5) AND "MINELEVR" <= 1) OR

 (("LINKR" > 4 AND "LINKR" <= 5) AND( "MINELEVR" > 1 AND "MINELEVR" <=

3) AND "SUBREGION_" <= 1) OR

  "LINKR" >5))

Mississippi River Model:

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20')

Missouri River Model

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Overall Prediction:

("TEMP_CODE" = 2 AND

(("LINKR" <= 1 AND "DSIZE_CODE" >3) OR

 (("LINKR" > 2 AND "LINKR" <= 3) AND "DLINKR" > 7) OR

 (("LINKR" > 2 AND "LINKR" <= 3) AND "DLINKR" <= 7 AND "SUBREGION_" <=

1 AND "MAXELEVR" > 3 AND "SOIL_TEXT" > 9) OR

 (("LINKR" > 4 AND "LINKR" <= 5) AND "MINELEVR" <= 1) OR

 (("LINKR" > 4 AND "LINKR" <= 5) AND( "MINELEVR" > 1 AND "MINELEVR" <=

3) AND "SUBREGION_" <= 1) OR

  "LINKR" >5)) OR

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20') OR ("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Literature Cited:

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Etnier, D.A., and W.E. Starnes.  1993.  The fishes of Tennessee.  University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.  681 pp.

Harlan, J.R., E.B. Speaker, and J. Mayhew.  1987.  Iowa fish and fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa. 323pp.

Pflieger, W.L.  1997.  The fishes of Missouri.  Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, Missouri.  372 pp.

Robison, H.W., and T.M. Buchanan. 1988.  Fishes of Arkansas.  University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas.  536 pp.

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Data Sources:

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Additional References:

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Clay, W.M.  1975.  The fishes of Kentucky.  Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, Kentucky.  416 pp.

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Photo Credits:

Upper Left:       Photo courtesy of the Native Fish Conservancy, http://www.nativefish.org.

Upper Right:     Photo courtesy of Konrad P. Schmidt, copyright Konrad P. Schmidt.