Iowa Fish Atlas

Native: Yes

State Rank: S4

ITIS Code: 164029

National Rank: N5           

Global Rank: G5

Modeled By: Anna Loan-Wilsey

State Range:

The flathead catfish can be found in most large interior streams of Iowa and is one the most abundant large catfishes of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (Harlan et al. 1987). It is almost absent from the interior streams of the Missouri River basin and rare in natural lakes, man-made lakes and reservoirs (Harlan et al. 1987).

Habitat Affinities:

The flathead catfish inhabits a wide variety of habitats and can tolerate extreme turbidity (Robison and Buchanan 1988; Trautman 1981) but avoids headwater creeks, high-gradient streams (Pflieger 1997) and strong currents (Phillips et al. 1982). During the daylight hours it is typically found adjacent to deep pools created by strong current in large sluggish rivers (Becker 1983; Clay 1975; Cross and Collins 1995; Douglas 1974; Etnier and Starnes 1993; Trautman 1981), or low gradient tributaries of large streams (Eddy and Underhill 1974; Etnier and Starnes 1993). In Iowa and Illinois, the flathead catfish is found mainly in mud-bottomed areas and deep waters in pools (Harlan et al. 1987; Smith 1979).  The flathead catfish also inhabits reservoirs (Robison and Buchanan 1988; Etnier and Starnes 1993), but is more plentiful below dams of major impoundments (Eddy and Underhill 1974; Douglas 1974). It is usually found about drift piles, submerged logs or fallen trees with hard-bottomed substrates of sand or silt (Becker 1983; Clay 1975; Pflieger 1997; Trautman 1981). Riffles are used nocturnally feeding adults and are the main habitat of young, which also stay in pools, backwaters and sheltered places as they mature (Clay 1975; Pflieger 1997; Phillips et. al. 1982; Trautman 1981).

Predictive Model(s):

Statewide Model: by 8-digit HU [Decision Tree Analysis n=120]

The distribution is based upon existing collection records.

("FLOW" = 1 AND "TEMP_CODE" = 2 AND "LINKR" > 5)

Mississippi River Model:

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20')

Missouri River Model

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Overall Prediction:

("FLOW" = 1 AND "TEMP_CODE" = 2 AND "LINKR" > 5) OR

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20') OR ("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Literature Cited:

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Clay, W.M.  1975.  The fishes of Kentucky.  Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, Kentucky.  416 pp.

Cross, F.B., and J.T. Collins.  1995.  Fishes in Kansas.  University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Public Education Series No. 14, Lawrence, Kansas.   315 pp.

Douglas, N.H.  1974.  Freshwater fishes of Louisiana.  Claitor’s Publishing Division, Sponsored by Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  443 pp.

Eddy, S., and J.C. Underhill.  1974.  Northern fishes; with special reference to the upper Mississippi Valley.  University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.  414 pp.

Etnier, D.A., and W.E. Starnes.  1993.  The fishes of Tennessee.  University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.  681 pp.

Harlan, J.R., E.B. Speaker, and J. Mayhew.  1987.  Iowa fish and fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa. 323pp.

Pflieger, W.L.  1997.  The fishes of Missouri.  Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, Missouri.  372 pp.

Phillips, G.L., W.D. Schmid, and J.C. Underhill.  1982.  Fishes of the Minnesota region.  University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.  248 pp.

Robison, H.W., and T.M. Buchanan. 1988.  Fishes of Arkansas.  University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas.  536 pp.

Smith, P.W.  1979.  The fishes of Illinois.  University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.  314 pp.

Trautman, M.B.  1981.  The fishes of Ohio.  Revised Edition.  Ohio State University Press in collaboration with the Ohio Sea Grant Program Center for Lake Erie Area Research,  Columbus, Ohio.  782 pp.

Data Sources:

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report.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

Ackerman, G.L.  1965.  Raccoon River Survey.  Unpublished report.  Iowa Conservation

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1986.  Aquatic biota associated with channel stabilization structures and abandoned channels in the middle Missouri River. Final Report.  Environmental and water quality operational studies.  Technical Report E-86-6, Department of the Army, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.

Barnickol, P.G., and W.C. Starrett.  1951.  Commercial and sport fishes of the

Mississippi River between Caruthersville, Missouri, and Dubuque, Iowa.  Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 25(Article 5):267-347.

Berry, C.R., D.L. Galat, and M.L. Wildhaber.  2004.  Fish distribution and abundance. 

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Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Lake View, Iowa.

Bruce, J.  1976.  Des Moines River fisheries survey.  Project No.:76-II1-16. 1976

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Christianson, J,. and L. Jindrich.  1983.  Big Sioux fishery investigation. South Dakota

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Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Clear Lake, Iowa.

Cleary, R.E.  1956.  Summary of the cooperative exploratory fishing operations in the

Wisconsin-Illinois-Iowa sections of the Mississippi River- 1956.  Job Description Investigations Projects.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

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pools 8 to13.  Job Description Investigations Projects.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

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fishes in the Big Sioux River, South Dakota: statewide fisheries investigations progress report.  South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.

Ecological Analysts, Inc.  1984.  Operational ecological study in the Cedar River near

Duane Arnold Energy Center, January through December 1983.  EA Report IEL31.  Iowa Electrical Light and Power Company, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Fairport Fish Management and Hatchery.  2003.  Field notes and unpublished reports.

Southeast Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Fairport, Iowa.

Gelwicks, G., J. Heitke, and G. Simmons.  2002.  Contemporary fish survey. Iowa

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Harrison, H.M.  1963.  Pre-impoundment creel census and fishery survey of Red Rock

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between Iowa City and Mt. Vernon, Iowa (Cedar River and Rapid Creek).  Jacobs & Associates, Ames, Iowa.

Hesse, L.W., Q.L. Bliss, and G.J. Zuerlein.  1982.  Some aspects of the ecology of adult

fishes in the channelized Missouri River with special reference to the effects of two nuclear power generating stations.  Pages 224-277 in L.W. Hesse, G.L. Hergenrader, H.S. Lewis, S.D. Reetz, and A.B. Schlesinger, editors. The Middle Missouri River: a collection of papers on the biology with special reference to power station effects.  The Missouri River Study Group, Norfolk, Nebraska.

Iowa Conservation Commission and Iowa Department of Natural Resources.  2002. 

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populations in the Upper Mississippi River affected by changes in commercial harvest regulations.  F-144-R-3 1995.  Annual performance report research project segment.   Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

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River in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa.  FWS/OBS-77/25.  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

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central Iowa streams.  Master’s thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

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report.  Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Kline, D., J. Golden, and M. Wade.  1975.  Mississippi River fishery classification

survey.  Project 75-III-C-116.  Job Completion Reports.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

Lake Darling Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes and unpublished reports.  Southeast

Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Brighton, Iowa.  

Lake Darling Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes of data collected for the EPA. 

Southeast Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Brighton, Iowa.     

Lake MacBride Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes and unpublished reports. 

Southeast Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Solon, Iowa.

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Long Term Resource Monitoring Program.  2002.   Pool 13 database, 1990-2001.  Upper

Midwest Environmental Science Center, Bellevue, Iowa.

Manchester Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes and unpublished reports.  Northeast

Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Manchester, Iowa.

Mayhew, J.  1965.  Pre-impoundment studies on the Chariton River in the vicinity of

Rathbun Dam and reservoir- Part I: Annotated list of fishes in the Chariton River and tributaries.  Quarterly Biology Reports 17(1):59-67.

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study.  Annual Report, January 1980 through December 1980.  D.B. McDonald Research Inc, Iowa City, Iowa.

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Menzel, B.W.  1984.  Field notes: Des Moines-Skunk.  Iowa State University, Ames,

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and bank stabilization on warmwater sport fish in Iowa: Subproject No. 5.  Effects of long-reach stream channelization on distribution and abundance of fishes.  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Contract 14-16-0008-745.  Iowa Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Ames, Iowa.

Miller, L.R., and D.J. Herrig.  1987.  Documentation of fish passage through Sill No. 4, a

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Miller, L.R., T. Putnam, D.J. Herrig, and J. Wahl.  1989.  Evaluation of lowhead riffle

construction on riverine fish populations.  Fish Management Investigations 1989 Annual Report.  Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa

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riverine fish populations.  Fish Management Investigations 1987 Annual Report. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Miller, L.R., T. Putnam, and J. Wahl.  1988.  Evaluation of lowhead riffle construction on

riverine fish populations.  Fish Management Investigations 1988 Annual Report.  Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

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Mississippi River.  Job Description Investigations Projects.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

Molamphy, T.J., and R.E. Cleary.  1960.  Administrative summary of the 1960 trap-net

survey of Iowa waters of Mississippi River.  Job Description Investigations Projects.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

Mt. Ayr Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes and unpublished reports.  Southwest

Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Mt. Ayr, Iowa

Museum of Zoology.  2002.  Division of Fishes collection database.  University of

Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. http://www.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/. (May, 2002)

Nord, R.C.  1967.  A compendium of fishery information on the Upper Mississippi River.

Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois. 238 pp. 

Olson, C.L.  1975.  Effects of chlorinated sewage effluent on fish in the Iowa River,

Marshalltown, Iowa.  Master’s thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

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Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Paragamian, V.L.  1990.  Fish populations of Iowa rivers and streams.  Technical Bulletin

No. 3.  Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Putnam, T.  1974.  Pre-impoundment fish survey of the Des Moines River - Saylorville

Reservoir.  Project 74-IV-C-74.   Job Completion Reports.  Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

Rathbun Fish Management and Hatchery.  2003.  Field notes and unpublished reports.

Southeast Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Moravia, Iowa.

Robinson, D.J.  1959.  A brief electro-survey of the Iowa waters of the Missouri River. 

Quarterly Biology Reports 11(3):32-33.

Spirit Lake Fish Management.  2002.  Fish kill data.  Northwest Management District,

Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Orleans, Iowa.

Sullivan, D.J.  2000.  Fish communities and their relation to environmental factors in the

Eastern Iowa Basins in Iowa and Minnesota, 1996.  Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4194, United States Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa.

UMRCC.  1953.  Revised species list- northern section of the river.  Pages 19-32 in

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting, Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois.

Wenke, T.L.  1965.  Some ecological relationships of mayflies, caddisflies, and fish in

the Mississippi River near Keokuk, Iowa.  Ph.D. dissertation.  Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

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Environmental Services Division, Water Quality Bureau, TMDL and Water Quality Assessment Section, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Additional References:

Barnickol, P.G. and W.C. Starrett.  1951.  Commercial and sport fishes of the Mississippi River between Caruthersville, Missouri, and Dubuque, Iowa.  Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 25(5):267-350.

Coon, T.G., and H.R. Dames.  1989.  Catfish movement and habitat use in a Missouri River tributary.  Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 43:119-132.

Cross, F.B.  1967.  Handbook of fishes of Kansas.  University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication  No. 45, Lawrence, Kansas.  357 pp.

Duncan, T.O., and M.R. Meyers, Jr.  1978.  Movements of channel catfish and flathead catfish in Beaver Reservoir, northwest Arkansas.  Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 32:43-45.

Gelwicks, G.T.  1995.  Fish movement between the lower Missouri River and a managed floodplain wetland in Missouri.  Master’s thesis. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 190 pp.

Goodchild, C.D.  1993.  Status report on the flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris in Canada.  Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).  20 pp.

Harlan, J.R., and E.B. Speaker.  1951.  Iowa fish and fishing.  Iowa Conservation Commission.  Des Moines, Iowa.  238 pp.

Hart, L.G., and R.C. Summerfelt.  1974.  Homing behavior of flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque), tagged with ultrasonic transmitters.  Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Game and Fish Commission 27:520-531.

Insaurralde, M.S.  1992.  Environmental characteristics associated with flathead catfish in four Mississippi streams. Ph.D. dissertation, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi.  152 pp.

Kelly, G., editor.  1986.  Animal habitat relations handbook.  Missouri Department of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Jefferson City, Missouri.  293 pp.

Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr.  1980.  Atlas of North American freshwater fishes.  North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina.  867 pp.

Lee, L.A., and J. W. Terrell.  1987.  Habitat suitability index models: flathead catfish. U.S. Fish Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(10.152).  39 pp.

Lemmons, R.P., and G.D. Schnell.  1994.  Flathead catfish ecology and population structure in Oklahoma prairie streams.  Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Final Report. Project F-37-R, Job No. 26.  62 pp.

Lobb, M.D., III, and D.J. Orth.  1991.  Habitat use by an assemblage of fish in a large warmwater stream.  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120:65-78.

Lundberg, J.G.  1992. The phylogeny of ictalurid catfishes: a synthesis of recent work. Pages 392-420 in R. L. Mayden, editor.  Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calfiornia.  969 pp.

Manooch, C. S., III. 1984.  Fisherman's guide - fishes of the southeastern United States.  North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. 362 pp.

Minkley, W. L., and J. E. Deacon.  1959.  Biology of the flathead catfish in Kansas.  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 88:344-355.

Muncy, R.J.  1957.  Distribution and movements of channel and flathead catfish in the Des Moines River, Boone County, Iowa.  Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 118 pp.

Muncy, R J., G. J. Atchison, R.V. Bulkley, B.W. Menzel, L.G. Perry, and R.C. Summerfelt.  1979.  Effects of suspended solids and sediments on reproduction and early life of warmwater fish: a review.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.  101 pp.

Page, L.M., and B.M. Burr.  1991.  A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico.  Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.

Pflieger, W.L.  1971.  A distributional study of Missouri fishes.  University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History  20(3):225-570.

Pflieger, W.L.  1989a.  Aquatic community classification system for Missouri.  Missouri Department of Conservation.  Jefferson City, Missouri.  Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 pp. plus Supplement.

Pflieger, W.L.  1989b.  The stream resources of Missouri.  D-J Project - F-1-R-28.  Study S-20.  Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, Missouri.  

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott.  1991.  Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada.  American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20, Bethesda, Maryland. 183 pp.

Sheehan, R.J., W.M. Lewis, and  L.R. Bodensteiner.  1990.  Winter habitat requirements and overwintering of riverine fishes.  Southern Illinois Fisheries Research Laboratory, Carbondale, Illinois.  D-J Project F-79-R, Study 101.  234 pp.

Skains, J. A.  1992.  Linear home range and movements of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in two Mississippi streams. Master’s thesis, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi.  75 pp.

Sublette, J.E., M.D Hatch, and M. Sublette.  1990.  The fishes of New Mexico.  University New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.  393 pp.

Thom, R.H., and J.H. Wilson.  1980.  The natural divisions of Missouri.  Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science  14:9-24.

Tibbs, J.E.  1995.  Habitat use by small fishes in the lower Mississippi River related to foraging by least terns, Sterna altillarum.  Master’s thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.  184 pp.

Photo Credits:

Upper Left:       Photo courtesy of Konrad P. Schmidt, copyright Konrad P. Schmidt.

Upper Right:     Photo courtesy of the Native Fish Conservancy. http://www.nativefish.org.