Iowa Fish Atlas

Native: Yes

State Rank: S5

ITIS Code: 168132          

National Rank: N5           

Global Rank: G5

Modeled By: Anna Loan-Wilsey

State Range:

The green sunfish is undoubtedly one of the most widely distributed fish in Iowa and is the most wide-ranging sunfish species (Harlan et al. 1987). It is found in every watershed in the state.  This ubiquitous fish is found in streams of all sizes but reaches its greatest abundance in natural lakes, man-made lakes and farm ponds (Harlan et al. 1987).  The green sunfish inhabits the full length of the Mississippi River, and is prevalent in the prime habitat created by the riprap armoring placed along the banks of the Missouri River (Harlan et al. 1987).

Habitat Affinities:

The green sunfish can be found in a wide variety of habitats ranging from small muddy creeks and weedy backwaters with temporary flow to overflow ponds, shallow lakes, impoundments and occasionally, the margins of large rivers of low gradient (Becker 1983; Cross and Collins 1995; Eddy and Underhill 1974; Phillips et. al. 1982; Trautman 1981). The green sunfish is commonly found near shore and around cover such as stems of vegetation, woody debris, or rocks (Cross and Collins 1995), and has no specific substrate preference (Robison and Buchanan 1988; Trautman 1981). Its high tolerance for extremes in turbidity, siltation, low oxygen, temperature and flow allow it to inhabit, and reach greatest abundance, in areas that do not support other sunfishes (Clay 1975; Pflieger 1997; Robison and Buchanan 1988). In the Central Plains Aquatic Subregion, the green sunfish is well adapted for survival in small streams with intermittent flow that become stagnant pools later in the summer and fall. A pioneering species, it is often the first fish to find it way to newly created farm ponds (Smith 1979) and first to repopulate Plains streams after droughts (Pflieger 1997; Tomelleri and Eberle 1990).

Predictive Model(s):

Statewide Model: by 8-digit HU [Decision Tree Analysis n=1303]

The distribution is based upon existing collection records.

(("GRADSEGR" <= 1 AND ("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 8)) OR

(( "GRADSEGR" > 1 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 2) AND "MAXELEVR" <= 3) OR

(("GRADSEGR" > 1 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 2) AND ("MAXELEVR" > 3 AND

"MAXELEVR" <= 5) AND "STRAHLER" > 2) OR

(( "GRADSEGR" > 2 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 3) AND "MAXELEVR" <= 4) OR

( "GRADSEGR" > 4 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 5))

Mississippi River Model:

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20')

Missouri River Model

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Overall Prediction:

(("GRADSEGR" <= 1 AND ("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 8)) OR

(( "GRADSEGR" > 1 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 2) AND "MAXELEVR" <= 3) OR

(("GRADSEGR" > 1 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 2) AND ("MAXELEVR" > 3 AND

"MAXELEVR" <= 5) AND "STRAHLER" > 2) OR

(( "GRADSEGR" > 2 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 3) AND "MAXELEVR" <= 4) OR

( "GRADSEGR" > 4 AND "GRADSEGR" <= 5))OR

("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S20') OR

("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Literature Cited:

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Clay, W.M.  1975.  The fishes of Kentucky.  Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, Kentucky.  416 pp.

Cross, F.B., and J.T. Collins.  1995.  Fishes in Kansas.  University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Public Education Series No. 14, Lawrence, Kansas.   315 pp.

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Pflieger, W.L.  1997.  The fishes of Missouri.  Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, Missouri.  372 pp.

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Data Sources:

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Black Hawk Fish Management.  2002.  Field notes and unpublished reports.  Northwest

Management District, Fisheries Bureau, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Lake View, Iowa.

Boone Fish Management.  2003.  Field notes and unpublished reports.  Southwest

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Bovbjerg, R.V., N.L. Pearsall, and M.L. Brackin.  1970.  A preliminary faunal study of

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Additional References:

Aadland, L.P.,  C.M. Cook, M.T. Negus, H.G. Drewes, and  C.S. Anderson.  1991.  Microhabitat preferences of selected stream fishes and community-oriented approach to instream flow assessments.  Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Section of Fisheries, Minneapolis, Minnesota.  142 pp.

Douglas, N.H.  1974.  Freshwater fishes of Louisiana.  Claitor’s Publishing Division, Sponsored by Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  443 pp.

Etnier, D.A., and W.E. Starnes.  1993.  The fishes of Tennessee.  University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.  681 pp.

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Photo Credits:

Upper Left:       Photo courtesy of Konrad P. Schmidt, copyright Konrad P. Schmidt.

Upper Right:     Photo courtesy of the Virtual Aquarium, The Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, http://www.cnr.vt.edu/efish/index.html.