Iowa Fish Atlas

Native: Yes

State Rank: S5

ITIS Code: 168369          

National Rank: NNR           

Global Rank: G5

Modeled By: Anna Loan-Wilsey

State Range:

The johnny darter is one of the most common and widespread darters spanning all the Aquatic Subregions. It is absent only from the Nishnabotna and Nodaway River drainages in southwest Iowa. Occasional to common in some natural and man-made lakes, the johnny darter reaches greatest abundance in the small creeks and streams of the northeast region (Harlan et al. 1987). 

Habitat Affinities:

Unlike most darters, the johnny darter is a generalist, allowing for a diverse range of habitat preferences (Harlan et al. 1987; Phillips et. al. 1982). It is most often found in creeks and small rivers with moderate gradients and sand or sand-gravel substrates (Etnier and Starnes 1993; Trautman 1981). The johnny darter prefers the edges of shallow pools with little current (Clay 1975; Cross and Collins 1995; Pflieger 1997; Robison and Buchanan 1988), and is often observed perched on logs, patches of sand, small rocks or adjacent to large boulders (Phillips et. al. 1982). It is intolerant of submerged aquatic vegetation, excessive turbidity or siltation, and high gradients with continuous strong flow (Pflieger 1997; Trautman 1981).  In the northern regions, the johnny darter is more widespread, inhabiting the firm shorelines of lakes and all flowing waters, including large rivers (Etnier and Starnes 1993; Phillips et. al. 1982). Known to quickly establish in disturbed areas (Becker 1983), it is considered to be a highly invasive species (Kuehne and Barbour 1983) .  The johnny darter spans in May and is known to use human refuse, such as bottles and cans, for nesting (Phillips et. al. 1982).  Overall, the johnny darter is an extremely successful fish species often occurring in large populations (Page 1983). 

Predictive Model(s):

Statewide Model: by 8-digit HU [Decision Tree Analysis n=1193]

The distribution is based upon existing collection records.

("DLINKR" <= 2 OR

(( "DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND "SOIL_TEXT" <= 4 AND

"SUBREGION_" > 1 ) OR

(("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND "SOIL_TEXT"

<=  6 ) AND "SUBREGION_" <= 1 AND "MINELEVR" <= 4 ) OR (("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND "SOIL_TEXT"

<=  6 ) AND "SUBREGION_" > 1 ) OR

(("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND "SOIL_TEXT" > 6 ) OR

( "DLINKR" > 3 AND "DLINKR" <= 4) OR

(( "DLINKR" > 4 AND "DLINKR" <= 5) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND

"SOIL_TEXT" <= 6)))

Mississippi River Model:

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

(("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S16') OR ("pool" >= 'S18' AND "pool" <= 'S19'))

Missouri River Model

The distribution is based upon existing collection records and professional review.

("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

Overall Prediction:

("DLINKR" <= 2 OR

(( "DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND "SOIL_TEXT" <= 4 AND

"SUBREGION_" > 1 ) OR

(("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND "SOIL_TEXT"

<=  6 ) AND "SUBREGION_" <= 1 AND "MINELEVR" <= 4 ) OR (("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND "SOIL_TEXT"

<=  6 ) AND "SUBREGION_" > 1 ) OR

(("DLINKR" > 2 AND "DLINKR" <= 3) AND "SOIL_TEXT" > 6 ) OR

( "DLINKR" > 3 AND "DLINKR" <= 4) OR

(( "DLINKR" > 4 AND "DLINKR" <= 5) AND ("SOIL_TEXT" > 4 AND

"SOIL_TEXT" <= 6)))

OR (("pool" >= 'S08' AND "pool" <= 'S16') OR ("pool" >= 'S18' AND "pool" <= 'S19')) OR ("pool" >= 'O17' AND "pool" <= 'O19')

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Additional References:

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Berkman, H.E.  1984.  Effects of sedimentation on stream fish communities in northeast Missouri.  Master’s thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.  116 pp.

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Cross, F.B.  1967.  Handbook of fishes of Kansas.  University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication  No. 45, Lawrence, Kansas.  357 pp.

Dewey, M.R., and C.A. Jennings.  1994.  Factors limiting the distribution of larval and juvenile fishes in vegetated habitats of the upper Mississippi River.  National Biological Survey, National Fisheries Research Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin for the National Biological Survey, Environmental Management Technical Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin.  EMTC 94-S005. Part I, 61 pp. Part II, 19 pp.

Douglas, N.H.  1974.  Freshwater fishes of Louisiana.  Claitor’s Publishing Division, Sponsored by Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  443 pp.

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Gelwicks, G.T.  1995.  Fish movement between the lower Missouri River and a managed floodplain wetland in Missouri.  Master’s thesis. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. 190 pp.

Kelly, G., editor.  1986.  Animal habitat relations handbook.  Missouri Department of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Jefferson City, Missouri.  293 pp.

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Photo Credits:

Upper Left:       Photo courtesy of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, http://www.ohiodnr.com/default.htm.

Upper Right:     Photo courtesy of Konrad P. Schmidt, copyright Konrad P. Schmidt.